US-exposed Chinese top nuclear submarines: U.S. military is difficult to detect

United States, "Strategy Page" website published an article, "It's out of there quietly, very quiet (It'sQuietOutThere TooQuiet)", the article describes each of the diesel-electric submarines and nuclear submarines advantages and disadvantages, cited the country against the United States, China, Iran and North Korea, the three submarines use to disclose details of the lease Swedish submarine anti-submarine warfare tactics and equipment in the United States.

The U.S. Navy still argue the operational effectiveness of conventional submarines, as well as whether to buy conventional submarines. This happens for two reasons, one, the current U.S. Navy may not be able to maintain 40 to 45 attack submarines, the quiet performance of modern diesel-electric submarines stronger than nuclear submarines, especially in coastal waters. The use of the modern passive sensor supplier, a diesel-electric submarines underwater movement is the best weapon to attack other diesel-electric submarines. -Sea combat nuclear submarine is more suitable, in particular the need for the long voyage to reach issues waters, but the diesel-electric submarines in the coastal waters with a battery-powered voice is very small, it is difficult to be detected.

Currently, there are 39 countries equipped with approximately 400 diesel-electric submarines, but only China, Iran and North Korea against the United States and its allies plan to use its submarines. China has 50 diesel-electric submarines, Iran and equipment 3 (additional 25 mini-submarine), North Korea has 20. The United States must be considered against 73 diesel-electric submarines and 75 mini-submarines, more than half of these submarines, old and obsolete, voice, only 36 full-size submarines and 40 mini-submarine can be a real threat to the U.S. military, but if taken lightly, old submarines You can also pose a threat. Therefore, East Asia and the Persian Gulf region is a dangerous place for U.S. warships.

The past 10 years, the U.S. Navy has been assessing the submarine threat facing, from 2005 to 2007, the United States leased a Swedish Submarine (Swedish only equipped with a five submarines), employ a submarine crew want to set in the imaginary enemy as an exercise to help U.S. anti-submarine forces to study the anti-submarine tactics, and as a preferred mode of training. Sweden's Gotland (Gotland) class submarine displacement of 1500 tons, 64.5 meters long (200 feet), containing members 25 are generally small submarines, currently moored in San Diego, a 36 U.S. organizations responsible for the maintenance of the submarine maintenance.

Before the introduction of the "Gotland class submarines, the U.S. Navy has been using the Australian submarine training often fails, but the submarine. "Gotland" class submarines equipped air independent propulsion system (AIP), the good performance of underwater noise reduction, longer battery life, so similar to the face and the future of the U.S. surface ships or submarines opponents. Opponents such as Iran and North Korea are not equipped with AIP submarine, but has enough diesel-electric submarines, the crew trained, quite deadly threat.
Based on the lessons from Australia and Sweden submarines, the U.S. Navy has secretly developed a new anti-submarine tactics and equipment, confirm that the modern diesel-electric submarines still the main threat of the U.S. surface ships and submarines. Potential opponents at the same time, the construction of more affordable diesel-electric submarines, being trained crew tracking the ability of American warships. The increasing number of enemy submarines, diesel-electric submarines of the United States in offshore search and there are technical problems, so the defense of the United States has been in the "limp".

China plans to exclude the U.S. Navy in its exclusive economic zone beyond its submarines have received anti-tracking training, U.S. submarines, surface ships and aircraft difficult to detect Chinese submarines. Currently, some aquatic species due to environmental organizations protest sensor manufacturer used by the U.S. anti-submarine training injury, the U.S. Navy lost underwater anti-submarine warfare training venues in Southern California.

Meanwhile, China is to increase investment in military construction, the threat of North Korea and Iran's fleet is declining. Therefore, if the U.S. Navy must pay special attention to the development of some of the diesel-electric submarines, they must be in China. Now, China will continue to develop a world-class nuclear submarines, but also did not give up the construction of a world-class diesel-electric conventional submarines.

6.45MM World's Thinnest! TCL Refresh Smartphone Slim World Record

As a human challenge the limits of a way, the phone thin and 100 meters world record, has been constantly refresh our awareness. December 4, 2012, TCL Communications the brand conference Upload to news, the latest products TCLS850 6.45MM create smart phone the ultrathin record, and for a time became a sensation in the global mobile phone industry's big news.

The slim phone means that the use of lightweight and fashion appearance, has always been the relentless pursuit of the mobile phone industry. REVIEW functional machine era, an ultra-thin V3 has swept the globe, to help Motorola achievements dominance era; IPhone4 after, ultra-thin design again rise in the smart phone market from hopeless. Smart phone in the end can do more thin? This topic has not been determined, the only certainty is that people see the ultra-thin record time and time again to be broken. Today's ultra-thin contest is one hundred meters just as World War, meter record measured in hundredths of a second, the thickness of the smartphone record has reached the level of 0.01MM, 7.1MM, 6.8MM, 6.65MM ...... after the decimal point every change represents yet another breakthrough in the scientific and technological strength, represents a business climbed to the peak. TCLS850 emergence of the phone ultrathin record leap straight 6.45MM TCL Communications finally standing on the podium of the ultra-thin cell phone records to become the top players in the field of Global slim phone, which undoubtedly is TCL The victory is also a victory of Chinese mobile phone companies.

Ordinary consumers, the thickness of the phone is just a very simple data, people who understand the smart phone industry, its meaning is difficult to use a few words speak clearly, because the slim phone is actually an international top industrial standards embodied. To use the phone so thin, the phone companies must have the strength of both hard and soft, hard power, including the battery , touch screen , camera, connectors, speakers, etc.; soft power including architecture design, thermal design, new materials technology, simulation technology, mechanical processing ... in fact, the phone thinner, more on research and development capabilities and material requirements "metamorphosis", you can say to a certain extent, the the phone minimum thickness just represents the upper limit of the enterprise's comprehensive strength. In this sense, the introduction of the world's thinnest smartphone is undoubtedly a Declaration, but also a challenge to the world that they are strong enough. Foreign brands phone robbery market profits under the status quo, this Declaration is particularly meaningful for the domestic mobile phone industry.

As ranked seventh in the world mobile phone company, TCL Communication huge success overseas, has been to become a the smartphone leader responsibility, but the two months prior to the conference of its brand, TCL's new product releases very little So there are a lot of people in the industry sent questions: TCL how could no big move for so long? Indeed, as the writer Feng Tang said, his writing is in order to eliminate the swelling of the heart, TCL also own heart swelling to eliminate, and that is its strong R & D: worldwide, TCL has, including the Silicon Valley of the United States, in Milan, Italy France Paris, Shenzhen, Shanghai, including the eight product R & D, design centers, product development personnel more than three thousand, so powerful team how could such thing as a free cooked rice? Conference of the new brand, along with a new brand manifesto "better achievements, TCL Communication of 12 new products debut, the answers to the people this time since doubts. However, many people also "got it right at the beginning, but did not guess the outcome" - think of TCL there will be a large number of new products launched, but did not think the phone ultra-thin record.

Carefully concern TCLS850 also find this phone connotation than in the ultra-thin, and the market normalizing the several slim phone S850 4.7-inch HD screen resolution of 1280 × 720, can be said to stand out; TCL specific nano waterproof fingerprint technology is unique to this one; 4.5 seconds faster boot further thin the icing on the cake ...... a world record is sufficient to Swordsman, but TCL did not meet, but also to the many differentiated The selling point to consolidate market advantage, which show up, may be the ambition of its campaign to market. All in all, for the smart phone market in 2013, TCL Communication's performance is definitely worth the alert to all opponents.

Related articles:
High Price iPad mini is due to the touch screen?
Lithium Battery Manufacturers Accused of Price Fixing

DC motor drive electromagnetic interference issues highlighted

At present, China's electric vehicle drive system is used in the DC motor drive system, DC motor has the advantages of simple structure, high control performance, wide speed range, the control circuit is relatively simple, low cost, energy transmission is the use of one-way transmission mode, the battery to the power converter to drive motor, such models exist many deficiencies. The one-way power transmission so that the vehicle brake when decelerating or coasting downhill wasted a lot of energy. In addition, there exist the following disadvantages:
　　
1, Brush DC motor due to the presence of a reversing machinery parts brush and commutator, easily lead to spark, noise and vibration, electromagnetic interference problems
　　
2, Brush and commutator maintenance more difficult, short service life
　　
3, In the volume of the motor is very huge, resulting in limited space waste
　　
4, Brushless DC motor rotor position detection is difficult, the price is high, and the cost is relatively low

Electric vehicle motor drive system is a kind of torque control system, the driver needs to control the torque to realize vehicle starting, acceleration, deceleration and a series of operations, and need regular maintenance, and maintenance more difficult, and to generate sparks, especially on radio interference, and the future of electric car will enter the highly intelligent era, electric vehicle motor driving system of these shortcomings will be fatal weakness.
　　
In addition, the DC motor of high manufacturing cost, large weight, high energy density, therefore, will hinder the DC motor supplier in electric vehicle application. In the era of new energy, energy saving of the electric motor drive system will become the mainstream of the future, in the high efficiency, low loss, high reliability of the products will lead the market development, we hope that, with the development of technology and the progress of Chinese market, there will be more and more high performance, environmentally friendly products.

Vishay's integrated IR emitter and sensor ADC

A few days ago, Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (NYSE ticker symbol: VSH) announced the launch infrared emitter photodiode, signal processing IC and 16-bit ADC integrated into small size 4.85mmx2 The .35 mmx0.83mm surface mount package fully integrated proximity sensor --- VCNL3020, expand its optical electronic portfolio. Space-saving VCNL3020 support easy-to-use I2C bus communication interrupt function, the the integrated transmitter driver can expand the sensor's detection distance.

16 bit effective resolution of VCNL3020 device during proximity detection can well resist crosstalk, a mechanical grating does not need to be added between the emitter and detector. Only detect objects within 100mm performance compared with other products, Vishay this sensor uses 10mA ~ 200mA (10mA increments) programmable LED drive current, the detection range is extended to 200mm. Using integrated transmitter driver to drive an external transmitter, the detection range or even more than one meters. Meanwhile, VCNL3020 modulated on the transmission signal, having excellent resistance to ambient light.

The device interrupt function of the sensor to be able to work independently, until the occurrence of a programmable threshold event, and then wake up the microcontroller. This helps consumers to reduce their consumption of software to reduce power consumption by reducing the polling traffic between the sensor and the microcontroller.

VCNL3020 can be used as a touch screen panel lock proximity sensor for smart phones , touch screen phones , PDAs, GPS units and digital cameras and other mobile devices, to achieve the purpose of saving power. The device can also be used as computing, industrial equipment and display optical switch.

Device standby current is only 1.5μA, the power supply voltage of 2.5V to 3.6V I2C bus voltage of 1.7V to 5V. Sensor Operating temperature -25 ℃ ~ +85 ℃. VCNL3020 comply with RoHS, samples will be provided with November 2012, mass production in March 2013, supply period of eight weeks for larger orders.

VISHAY Profile
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. Fortune 1,000 companies listed on the NYSE (VSH), is the world's largest manufacturers of discrete semiconductors (diodes, MOSFET and infrared optoelectronic devices) and passive electronic components (resistors, inductors, capacitors) one of the largest manufacturers. These components can be used in the industrial, computing, automotive , consumer, telecommunications, military, aerospace, power supply, and medical markets in almost all types of electronic devices and equipment. Its product innovations, successful acquisition strategy, and "one-stop shop" service have made Vishay a global industry leader.

Apollo Dual Sensor Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide

Alphasense now offers a compact, dual gas sensor which allows designers to reduce significantly instrument size and cost. The sensor provides a unique approach to the dual gas sensor in both its size and working electrode configuration. The use of a high capacity filter over the Carbon Monoxide working electrode eliminates Carbon Monoxide cross sensitivity to Hydrogen Sulfide.

D2 Specification Carbon Monoxide Channel:
1) Resolution: 1ppm
2) Response time: t90(S)<25s
3) Range: 1000 ppm
4) Zero current < +/-6
5) Sensitivity: 34–55nA/ppm @ 22C, 400ppm CO
6) Linearity: 40ppm
7) Overgas limit: 5,000ppm

D2 Specification Hydrogen Sulfide Channel:
1) Resolution：0.25ppm
2) Response time: t90(S)<30s
3) Range: 100 ppm
4) Zero current < +/-0.6
5) Sensitivity: 90–150nA/ppm @ 22C, 20ppm H2S
6) Linearity: -9ppm
7) Overgas limit: 400ppm

Company Info: Apollo Co., Ltd is a high-tech company mainly dedicated to optic fiber communication, Laser Technology, sensing & automatic control, and network technology, with branch offices and services sites around the world.

Apollo Electronics has been an excellent total sensor supplier, we provide our customers with perfect sensing products and total solutions in many fields . Apollo Electronics serves as the product agent in China for global vendors and provides technical support services for them.

Apollo Electronics is a quite large professional agent for S&C component in both mainland China and Hong Kong area. Apollo Electronics has 9 years of agency experience for S&C products, with technical background sales providing strong technical support to customers. The deep and good relationship established with China clients make Apollo Electronics to be the best channel for selling products in China.

Lithium Battery Manufacturers Accused of Price Fixing

The high cost of batteries has been the prime criticism against calls for electric vehicles (EVs) to replace conventional petrol-powered vehicles on the world’s roadways. Presently, car buyers pay a $10,000 to $20,000 premium for EVs over conventional gas vehicles, largely due to the cost of lithium batteries. This costly premium has hindered EV sales and cast doubt on the future of long-term demand.

The results of a 2011 Pike Research poll show that 40 percent of respondents would be "extremely or very interested in purchasing [a highway-capable plug-in electric vehicle] assuming the price were right." The study points out that "price sensitivity is an issue that continues to loom over the [EV] industry, as survey participants' willingness to pay was much lower than the prices currently planned by automakers."

In recent weeks, the high cost of lithium batteries has become the subject of a series of lawsuits targeting high-profile Japanese and Korean battery manufacturers, including Panasonic (NYSE:PC,TSE:6752), LG (NYSE:LPL), Sony (NYSE:SNE,TSE:6758), Samsung (LSE:BC94), Sanyo and Hitachi (TSE:6501), which together control the majority of the global battery market. In 2011, the worldwide market for batteries was reportedly worth $14 billion and is expected to total $16 billion for 2012.

While the class-action lawsuit brought against failing lithium battery maker A123 Systems (OTC Pink:AONEQ) has dominated battery investment news headlines of late, as of October 23 of this year a total of 10 lawsuits against the world's leading battery manufacturers had been filed in US courts, according to a report in the New Jersey Law Journal. The lawsuits allege that over the past decade the companies and their American subsidiaries have actively conspired in a price-fixing scheme that has resulted in consumers paying much more than they should for lithium batteries and the electronic devices they power, such as laptops, cell phones and digital cameras.

The plaintiffs claim that the price-fixing scheme first began in late 2001 or early 2002 following a nearly 50-percent drop in lithium-ion battery prices brought about by new competition entering the market. The dramatic price slide allegedly drove the world’s leading battery suppliers to enter into a price-fixing agreement that led to an almost 66 percent drop in battery production. The plaintiffs believe this scheme is responsible for the dramatic rise in battery prices seen over the past 10 years.

The allegations aren't far-fetched. Electronics companies have been the subject of several price-fixing investigations conducted by the United States and the European Union in recent years. For example, in December 2011, eight LCD panel manufacturers, including LG, Sharp (TSE:6753) and Samsung, agreed to pay a combined $388 million settlement after being found guilty of price fixing, which drove up purchase prices on screens and the products containing them from 1999 to 2006. The litigation was first brought to court in 2007 following an investigation by the US Justice Department.

The plaintiffs in the current lawsuits "assert the alleged battery price-fixing scheme has similar features: a highly concentrated market, controlled by Asian corporations; pricing pressure exerted by equipment manufacturers; rapid commoditization of new technology; and pricing behavior inconsistent with a competitive market," wrote the New Jersey Law Journal's Mary Pat Gallagher.

Although the lawsuits center on the personal electronics industry, news of the pending litigation has sparked discussion among EV market watchers, including Digital Trends' Jacob Joseph, who pointed out that "breaking up a potential price-fixing racket in lithium-ion batteries could be a significant development for EVs … prices have been predicted to fall for lithium-ion EV batteries over the next decade, but with sales of EVs falling well short of the high expectations of just two years ago and automakers rethinking their EV strategies, a decade from now might already be too late to save the EV. Should these suits trigger a worldwide drop in lithium-ion battery prices, the potential is there for an EV market which is competitive with standard gasoline-powered cars."

Any improvements in the medium- to long-term demand picture for electric vehicles bodes well for overall demand in the lithium market, making the outcome of these class action lawsuits something lithium resource companies and their investors will want to track. Lithium Investing News will continue to follow developments as well, so stay tuned for updates.

Source from: http://resourceinvestingnews.com/45890-lithium-battery-manufacturers-accused-of-price-fixing.html

High Price iPad mini is due to the touch screen?

I believe most iPad mini majority of fruit powder disappointed it the price of $ 320, a full $ 130 higher than other direct competitors. For the price of Apple iPad mini in charge of marketing Phil Schiller some note

The following is the full text of the article:

I believe most iPad mini majority of fruit powder disappointed it the price of $ 320, a full $ 130 higher than other direct competitors. The release of the iPad mini ago, the news that the price of this product will be between $ 249-299. For the price of Apple iPad mini in charge of marketing Phil Schiller some refute the the iPad mini than Google Nexus 7 and Amazon Kindle Fire Series you a lot of argument, that consumers will choose a quality product.

Schiller is correct. IPad mini much higher price than the competitors want to, but it makes the market or success, but Apple Why did you choose this pricing it? The real reason is related to production issues with the touch screen of this device (at least for the moment so).

The current the iPad mini 7.9-inch screen production is very low, while production from each side of the screen are very expensive. According to the the Taiwanese electronics Times reported, "Apple iPad mini choose the pricing of $ 329 mostly low productivity because of the the product the GFA touch screen panel technology ...... DITO film sensor can not be mass production which is why the iPad mini than other use OGS or G / G structure 7-inch tablet is 40-50% more expensive. "

Also reported, said the news from the industry, the touch screen of the GF2 the iPad mini module is only $ 5 more than 9.7 inches iPad on the cheap. The iPad mini profit is relatively low, which is why Apple had decided to give this device is priced at $ 329, because only through this way they can control the demand to protect their profit margins.

LED industries drive the development of the switching power supply

Intelligent home network consumer electronics industry is the main demand of the universal switching power supply industry. Growing as incomes and the changing lifestyle of Chinese residents in a substantial increase in demand for consumer electronics products, China has become one of the world's largest consumer electronics market. With the continuous development of the consumer electronics industry, China has also emerged in a number of consumer electronics giant. China's local enterprises, through the accumulation of many years, the formation of a strong manufacturing capacity, and has a strong brand influence. The growing demand of the downstream market switching power supply will drive the rapid development of the industry.

In addition, with the lower cost of LED luminous efficiency and life span increase, coupled with the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, has become a trend to replace traditional light source LED street lamps and other applications. LED technology rapid growth and continuous improvement of product characteristics, LED street lamps and other lighting field demonstration program in countries gradually expand in recent years, the more rapid development of the field of LED lighting. The rise of LED lighting will broaden the application of the switching power supply, and promote the development of new switching power supply, LED lighting potentially huge market space has brought new opportunities to the switching power supply manufacturers.

Downstream industrial products enhance the performance, but also the new requirements of the switching power supply products, such as the emerging LED lights its drive power requirements of almost demanding. The power supply manufacturers need to increase technology investment, the introduction of advanced equipment, and constantly improve the technological content of products, development of new products. Leading technology vendors through the development of new products, you can obtain a higher level of profitability, continued investment in R & D and equipment, and maintain a superior position; the same time, enhance the technical content, but also raise barriers to entry in the industry, to avoid the industry vicious competition and safeguard the healthy development of the industry.

Thermostat works

Vapor pressure type

The bellows action is applied to the elastic force of the spring , the spring is knob by the control board of the control, the capillary tube on the outlet of an intake air of the air conditioning machine room, the temperature of the return air chamber circulation react. When the room temperature up to the set temperature, the temperature-sensitive agent in the capillaries and bellows gas expansion, the switch contact connected to the bellows elongation and to overcome the force of the spring , the compressor operation, the system refrigerant, until the room temperature further reduced to the set temperature, the temperature sensing package gas contraction, the bellows contracts, together with the spring action, the switch is placed in the OFF position, the motor of the compressor circuit is cut off. This repeated action, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the room temperature.

Electronic temperature controller

Electronic thermal controller (resistive) is measured using resistance temperature sensing method, commonly used platinum wire, copper, tungsten, and semiconductor (thermistor) temperature resistance, these resistors have their own excellent indeed point. Most home air conditioning sensor based on thermistor. Thermistor type thermostat is made ​​according to the principle of a Wheatstone bridge (left) is a Wheatstone bridge. On the BD ends connected to the power supply E, according to Kirchhoff's law, when the electrical resistance of the bridge R1 × R4 = R2 × R3 is when the potential of the two points of A and C are equal, no current flows between the output terminal A and C the size of the resistance of a thermistor R1 with the rise or fall of the ambient temperature changes, so that the balance of damage, the AC output current. Thus, when constituting the thermostat can easily select the appropriate thermistor to change the temperature adjustment range, and the operating temperature.

TinySwitch-II-based micro-switch power optimization design

Series products for less than 23W low-power, low-cost and efficient switching power supply. For example, in the IC card paid watt-hour meter miniaturized switching power supply module, mobile phone battery constant voltage / constant current charger, power adapter (Powersupplyadapter), microcomputers, color TV, laser printers, video recorders, camcorders and other high-end household appliances the standby power supply (Standbypowersupply), also apply to ISDN and DSL network terminal equipment.

TinySwitch-II is easy to realize the optimization of the switching power supply design. Its switching frequency up to 132kHz, high-frequency transformer allows EE13 or EF12.6 of miniaturization cores and achieve high power efficiency. TinySwitch-II has a frequency jitter characteristics, only an inductor (You can also use two small resistors) and two capacitors in the output power less than 3W or less efficient acceptable to EMI filtering. Even in short-circuit conditions, do not need to use high-power rectifier.

Typical applications of 1 TinySwitch-II

1.1 2.5W constant current / constant voltage output of mobile phone battery charger

Mobile phone battery charger TNY264 (IC1) consisting of 2.5W (5V, 0.5A) AC wide range input circuit, as shown in Figure 1. RF fuse resistors. 85V ~ 265V AC VD1 ~ VD4 bridge rectifier, and then through the inductance L1 and C1, C2 consisting of π-type filter, the DC high voltage UI. R1 is L1 damping resistor. The use of the a TNY264 frequency jitter characteristics, and allows the use of a simple filter and low price of the security capacitor C8 (Y capacitors) can meet international standards suppression between primary and secondary conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI). Even under the most adverse circumstances the output capacitive load grounded shield to the increase in high-frequency transformer, able to effectively suppress EMI. Spike voltage protection circuit of a clamp diode VD6, capacitor C3 and resistor R2, can drain power MOSFET off limits in the safe range. IO lower than 500mA of output current, the voltage control loop work, the current control loop due to transistor VT cutoff does not work. At this point, the output voltage UO optocoupler IC2 (LTV817) LED's forward voltage drop (UF ≈ 1V) and the regulator VDZ regulator value (UZ = 3.9V) to jointly set, that of UO = UF + UZ ≈ 5V. Resistor R8 to the regulator to provide a bias current, so the VDZ stable current IZ close to a typical value. Secondary voltage via VD5 C5, L2 and C6 rectifier filter, the +5 V output voltage.

2.5w constant voltage and constant current cell phone battery charger

TinySwitch-II high switching frequency in the output rectifiers VD5 off the reverse recovery process will produce switching noise, easy to damage the rectifier. Although both ends in VD5 and on resistive and capacitive components in series of RC snubber circuit switching noise to play a certain extent, but the effect is still not ideal, Moreover, it will result in power loss in the resistance. The solution is in the secondary rectification filter series a bead.

Beads (Magneticbead) in recent years, the advent of an ultra-small amorphous alloy magnetic material, the case of two materials with ferrite. Similar to the commercially available bead appearance with plastic diode, tubular shape, but switch to magnetic materials package within small inductor and made to wear a wire. Dimensions of the common beads Φ2.5 × 3 (mm), Φ2.5 × 8 (mm), Φ3 × 5 (mm) and other specifications. Beads for chip switching power supply inductance is generally a few to tens of μH. The DC resistance of the beads is very small, and generally is 0.005Ω ~~ 0.01Ω. Usually noise filter can only absorb noise, are passive suppression; the bead role is different, can inhibit the generation of switching noise, therefore belongs to the active suppression-type, which is the fundamental difference between the two. The beads can be widely used in high-frequency switching power supply, video recorders, electronic measuring instruments, and a variety of very strict noise requirements of the circuit. The filter inductor L2 in Figure 1, on the selection of a 3.3μH the beads, can be filtered off VD5 switching noise generated in the reverse recovery process.

Transistor VT, current sense resistor R4 and optocoupler IC2 current control loop. When the output current IO is close to 500mA due to the voltage drop across R4 is elevated, so that the emitter voltage of transistor VT UBE also will increase, VT into the enlarged area, the current control loop starts to work, the output was constant current characteristics. Even if the output is short-circuit fault occurs, making IO ↑ UO → 0V, VT and optocoupler LED work properly able to maintain the total pressure drop of approximately 1.2V resistors R6 and R4. R3 is the base current limiting resistor.

1.2 15W PC, standby power circuit

An output power of 15W of the PC, the standby power supply circuit shown in Figure 2. The power supply provides two outputs: a main output of +5 V, 3A; auxiliary output compared to +12 V, 20mA. The total output power of 15.24W, power efficiency is higher than 78%. Circuit using two integrated circuits: the TNY267P type miniature monolithic switching power supply (IC1), SFH615-2 linear optocoupler (IC2). DC input voltage is 140V ~ 375V, this corresponds to the case of the AC input voltage is 230V ± 15% or 110/115V times of voltage input. The use of the TNY267P the undervoltage detection automatic restart and high-frequency switching characteristics, allows the use of smaller size, lower price EE22 high frequency transformer core. TNY267P chip is used in the form of a DIP-8 package, it can filter the output filter capacitor slowly discharges caused by auto-restart, burrs formed on the output voltage waveform. When the input voltage is below the undervoltage value, TNY267P automatically shutdown, play a protective role; work only when the input voltage is above the undervoltage threshold only. R2, R3 undervoltage threshold setting resistor. The total resistance of the two selected 4MΩ undervoltage threshold is set to DC 200V rectified DC high voltage UI must be higher than 200V in order to turn on the power. Once the power is turned on, it will continue to work until the UI down to 140V before shutdown. This lag shutdown characteristics, may be a standby power supply to provide the required holding time (Holdup).

The primary side auxiliary winding by VD2, C2 rectifier filter, +12 V output voltage, and power to TNY267P through R4. Work properly when TNY267P internal drain driver current source also stop charging on external bypass capacitor to reduce static losses in the meantime. R4 = 10kΩ, elect to bypass end to 640μA of the current, slightly higher than TNY267P current consumption, the excess part will be the chip internal zener clamp voltage of 6.3V security.

The secondary rectifier filter output of VD3, C6 and C7. L and C8 constitutes a rear stage filter mainly used to filter out the switching noise. When the output is short-circuited, automatic re-start circuitry limits the output current increases, and filtered out of VD3 overshoot voltage. By the optocoupler IC2 (SFH615-2), the regulator VDZ 5V output detection, R5 bias current to the regulator.

2 circuit design points

2.1 Use Caution

(1) The DC input voltage of the UI the minimum UImin may 90V to design. Enter a wide range of voltage (85V ~ 265V), the capacity of the input stage of the filter capacitor C1 according to the scale factor of 3μF / W to select; For example, when the output power PO = 10W, C1 = 30μF. For fixed voltage input AC 230V ± 15%, the ratio coefficient can be 1μF / W.

15w PC, standby power circuit

(2) In order to reduce losses and improve power efficiency, should adopt the secondary-side rectifier Schottky barrier diode (SchottkyBarrierDiode, abbreviation SBD), referred to as the Schottky diode. Such tubes have positive pressure drop (UF ≈ 0.4V), power loss, short reverse recovery time (trr can be as small as a few ns), etc., suitable for use as a low-voltage, high-current rectifier or freewheeling.

(3) Select the output power of a larger TinySwitch-II chip, helps improve the power efficiency. In the circuit shown in Figure 2, for example, select the TNY267 when the lower limit of the power efficiency is 78%; using TNY266 TNY264 sequentially reduced to 76%, 74%.

(4) In a particular application, the TinySwitch-II in the maximum output power over the thermal environment (including ambient temperature, cooling conditions, ventilation, and a power supply using the sealed or open type, and other factors), the size of the high-frequency transformer cores, work ways of design (continuous mode or discontinuous mode), the power required to change the condition of the minimum input voltage, the input stage of the filter capacitor, the forward voltage drop of the output rectifier.

(5) TinySwitch  II to filter out the the audio noise produced by the high-frequency transformer. Allow using the general structure Impregnation transformer, and may also be without adhesive bonding between the core. When the switching power supply with the load mitigation audio interference, TinySwitch  II by not continuously decreases the limiting current value, in order to filter the audio noise.

(6) in Figure 1 the LTV817 type linear photocoupler, available PC817 or PC817A instead. Their technical parameters are basically the same, the current transfer ratio CTR = 80% to 160%, and the reverse breakdown voltage U (BR) CEO ≥ 35V.

(7) In the circuit shown in Figure 2, standby power if select TNY266P chip, output power is reduced to the 10W. Optional EE16 type high frequency transformer core, and can also remove the filter capacitor C7.

2.2 PCB design points

TinySwitch-II chip PCB component layout, as shown in Figure 3, where the unused undervoltage protection resistor. The design of printed circuit board must note the following:

TinySwitch-II of the original layout of the printed board

(1) The following TinySwitch-II copper clad laminates not only as a source pole location, also to cool them. Figure 3 shadow area should be large enough to ensure good TinySwitch-II and rectifier cooling chip junction temperature below 100 ° C.

(2) The bypass the end capacitance CBP and the input filter capacitor C1 single point grounding method must be connected to the source terminal. Connection C1, the primary circuit of the high frequency transformer and TinySwitch-II should be as short as possible Jie.

(3) primary clamp circuit for limiting the turn-off of the peak voltage on the drain. Available R, C, VD type clamp circuit to achieve, also with 200V regulator or transient voltage suppressor (TVS) clamp the drain voltage. In any case, should the clamp components to the high frequency transformer and TinySwitch-II is the shortest distance.

(4) If the undervoltage sense resistor resistor as close as possible to the EN / UV end, in order to reduce the induced noise. Also need to consider the pressure value of the the undervoltage detection resistor R2 and R3. Select (1/4) of the resistance of W, generally can withstand the 200V voltage (refer to the continuous pressure, hereinafter the same); the resistance of W (1/2), the pressure value compared to 400V.

(5) Safety capacitors (Y capacitors) should be installed directly in the primary filter capacitor positive and secondary public land (Back end) between the maximum electromagnetic interference suppression and common mode surge voltage.

(6) the optocoupler to TinySwitch-II of the EN / UV end and the distance of the source should be kept as short as possible to reduce noise coupling. EN / UV pin to the optocoupler distance should be less than 12.7mm, the distance to the drain should be greater than 5.1mm.

(7) In order to improve the regulator performance, is connected to the secondary winding, the secondary rectifier, the secondary filter capacitor of the loop must be kept short. Secondary rectifier pad area must be large enough to ensure that the heat of the rectifier diode can be dissipated in a timely manner in the case of output short.

iPhone 5 Arrival Triggers New Sales Frenzy

It took little more than five hours for the first Apple iPhone 5 to go on sale in the Chinese mainland after being smuggled across the border from Hong Kong, but supplies were short and prices high.
In a crowded building in the southern city of Shenzhen, which lies across Hong Kong's northern border, a salesman stood by as shoppers speaking various dialects scrambled to take photos of three shiny new iPhones on display in his glass cabinet.

"The stock is so limited that people are treating them like gems," said another salesman, surnamed Lin.
New Apple products are typically rolled out in the Chinese mainland after they are in Hong Kong, creating a thriving "gray market" for enterprising traders. According to local media reports, iPhone 5 is expected go on sale in the Chinese mainland by year end.

Vendors like Lin make a year-round living exploiting the lower prices of Apple products and other popular brands consumer electronics in Hong Kong, a free port whose downtown is just an hour from Shenzhen with no duty on many electronics imports.

At the iPhone 5's debut in Hong Kong earlier in the day, small groups of people carrying rucksacks filled with cash waited outside the city's flagship store hoping to snap up phones for resale.
For those able to secure one, the new phone cost HK$5,588 ($720), or about 4,546 yuan, at the Hong Kong Apple store, while they were selling for between 7,500 yuan and 9,000 yuan in Shenzhen where fake and smuggled phones are often hawked.

But in Shenzhen, business was slow.
On Friday afternoon, most vendors in the Shenzhen building still had their stalls filled with the iPhone 4S, promising that the latest model would arrive in the evening, when potential buyers were hoping to get a better deal.

In Hong Kong, the iPhone 5's Friday debut stoked up the Apple craze again, with thousands of fans jamming stores, scalpers scouting for buyers, and telecommunications operators jumping on the bandwagon by soft-launching new services.

The new smartphone is also launched in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Australia and Singapore.

In Sydney, Singapore and Tokyo, iPhone 5 fans waited hours outside Apple stores or authorized dealers to get the latest model.

In Hong Kong, buyers had to sign up online with Apple to pick up the new model in the local flagship store at a prearranged time. The first customers in Hong Kong were greeted by staff cheering, clapping, and chanting "IPhone 5! IPhone 5!" and high-fiving them as they were escorted, one by one, through the front door.

Source from: sina.com

Multifunction Phone Case Stand for iPhone 4 4S

This is a design by Loyto Esineiden, iPhone housing, which has a multifunctional component, can be used not only accommodated the headset can also flip phone horizontally heel stent. With it, even in the absence of the winder can also headphone cable easily handle.

7 Main reasons why purchase Cheap Unlocked Cell Phone

Unlocked cell phones grew to be very popular these days, and so rrndividuals are determined to acquire more information along with understand better what exactly positive aspects they can acquire by buying unlocked cell phone as well as what makes it distinct from the standard cell phone made available from the cellular service have a tendency to comes with the 2 year deal bundle. Below we discussed the leading main reasons why individuals need to move their care about unlocked phones:

1. Get virtually any Sim. People unlocked cell phone are able to get any SIM card that is certainly put into this. It will not make the phone for you to Freeze or perhaps present any trouble by any means towards cellular phone.

2. Presently Jailbroke. Your own cell phone is definitely unlocked and that means you don't have to be worried about employing several low light operator along with have a potential for your current cellular phone getting ruined in the process regarding unleashing.
3. Work overseas! The phone is appropriate good offshore. It is useful if you are a foreign passenger!

4. Plan Free - You don't have to crime plan virtually any mobile enterprise and obtain jammed while in the 2 year deal to recieve ones phone.

5. Features - All your favorite cellular phone options are integrated.
6. A number of Models- When evaluating a cell phone you'll be pleased to come across a thing that might be suitable for you and may conform to your requirements.
7. Multiple Users - Since your phone is just not linked to a particular service provider and will consider virtually any Sim, you could start to to share with you the product with the family or friends? This might be feasible again in case going or perhaps wanting to spending budget at home.
Check out www.gizga.com to read more and the terrific merchandise choice

Car Electronics

Car electronics, in the event that selected very carefully, health supplement your own Car Interior Accessories which makes it make heads turn anywhere you go. Car electronics are great (as well as inexpensive) opportunities which enhance each design as well as comfort.

Kinds of Car Electronics

There are numerous kinds of car electronics available for sale most of which tend to be talked about beneath;

Hands-free Packages -- Because speaking in your cell phone whilst traveling is really a lawful criminal offense in many nations, probably the most simple and easy handy car electronics is really a hands-free. Hands-free packages utilize Wireless bluetooth technologies and fasten your own cell phone for your vehicle's audio system letting you pay attention to the actual mystery caller upon loudspeakers. It'll instantly plan your own vehicle's stereo system in order to silence this as well as take part in the phone calls with the entrance loudspeakers. Hands-free packages include the noise-canceling mic that permits you to talk inside a regular words rather than yelling to share your own information obviously. The majority of hands-free vehicle packages permit you to link your own music player straight together with your vehicle's stereo system letting you appreciate your own songs selection with no additional opportunities. If you're a Macintosh enthusiast, it's also wise to set up an apple iphone vehicle holder with regard to keeping this securely when you are traveling.

Vehicle Energy Inverters -- If you're technologies experienced and also have a large amount of gadgets, an automobile energy inverter is what a doctor purchased, because it enables you to refresh just about all your own digital equipment such as although not restricted to cell phones, Gps navigation products, apple iphones, as well as apple ipods and so on. Vehicle energy invertors can be found in various forces (for example 200W, 400W or even 1000W) in most cases possess built-in safety towards everywhere enter current sensors, overburden safety, brief signal safety, automated turn off as well as an inner air conditioning enthusiast.

Back-up Digital cameras -- An additional car electronic accessories you might like to think about is really a back-up digital camera set up in a person vehicle's video clip participant with regard to enhancing presence whenever copying. The back-up digital camera provides you with cheapest through safeguarding your own towards protrusions, nicks as well as scratches as well as scrapes. There's a many back-up digital cameras available for sale spot to select from.

Distant Beginners -- Distant beginners possess a essential make use of that many individuals are unaware of; they permit you to definitely turn on the actual motor as well as ac (Air conditioning) without starting the vehicle doorway. This can help you save in the terrible warmth influx as well as moisture you need to withstand (prior to the ac takes over as well as helps make the heat manageable) whenever your vehicle continues to be left under the sun for some hrs or even occasionally much less. Furthermore, distant beginners additionally assist unfreeze your own motor assisting you begin the vehicle within winter seasons.

Cell Phone Covers

There are as many cell phone covers as there are types of people. There is a smartphone cover or case for every type of person. Individualizing your gear has never been this fun. When we wear any clothing or accessories, it seems that phones have the most degree of freedom. Your phone is an extension of your personality. Your phone shows your innermost self. What does yours look like? Get some ideas from the smartphone cases below to individualize your true match.

There are smartphone covers for the patriot. One particular design features a phone case that comes in different country flags. Each phone features different flag colors in stripes of three lengthwise. The U.S. flag design features the first stripe of blue with white stars. The middle stripe is pure white. The third stripe is red. Other country designs include: England, France, Italy, Germany, Mexico, and Argentina.

There are cell phone cases for the anime lover. For example, there is a super cute phone cleverly decorated with an extremely happy panda smiling ear to ear with katakana letters spelling "shiawase" ("happy") inside his mouth. He sits on the back of the phone next to the lens of the phone's camera. This panda is in no doubt referring to how you should look when someone takes your picture. There is also a cute little hard boiled "egg man". This phone is "kawai" ("cute").

There are cell phone covers for the mod. An example includes a smartphone case that is lined with leather and a fiber woven center. The colors for this cell phone case are black and red or black and white. It's simplistic yet makes a statement.

There are cell phone covers and cases for the sophisticated. For example, a particular smartphone case is actually made of real wood. It has a sleek and smooth feel to it. Its rich colors are maple and walnut. This cell phone case is a must have. You're sure to have your friends asking you where you bought it.

There are cell phone accessories for the soccer enthusiast. Each android phone cover features a different country and a unique design specific to that country. For instance, Mexico's "Gooooaaaaaaaaaal," that they're so famous for engulfs the entire backing of the phone. The letters are colored in the design of the Mexican flag. At the center of the "Gooooaaaaaaaaaal," stands the eagle of the Mexican flag. Argentina's design of dark and light blue stripes with blazoned soccer ball symbolizing the sun is stunning.

There are cell phone covers for the person who is super cool. These cell phone cases come in a wide variety of metallic colors and not your average colors either. These cases come in green, orange, white, silver, and pink; but they're hues are deeper and more vibrant. For instance, the "green" is more like a green apple jelly bean. The "white" smooth case reminds you of the regalia the Storm Troopers wear in Star Wars.

Whatever your personality, express it in the cell phone cover you choose. There's a never ending supply. Get one or get several. Have fun choosing yours.

January Is American Outdoor Supplies Nutrition Month

American Outdoor Supplies is January Nutrition and Health Month for us. Since the United States has many people wanting to improve themselves and cure their ailments. Where do we start? They say there are 177 ways to reduce and burn calories, starting from substitute fruit purees for butter or Margarine to eating Fish at least twice a week.

What if you don't care for fish? What if, What if, What if, there is always what if's. Everyone is going to pick a different diet and ways to lose, gain or get healthy. Most everyone knows strokes are the women's leading #1 death. Cholesterol is not good for the arteries. Fatty deposits that cause blockages and obstacles that interfere puts you at risk for disease. High Blood Pressure is another problem. Try being stuck on a ship in the Middle of the Indian Ocean with blood pressure of 170 over 110. The ship is headed to the Gulf and your stressed out even more. They put you on blood pressure bills and send you off the ship, so you can sit in Diego Garcia for 3 days to wait for a flight. Either way some form of exercise is always good for you. Take a walk, Walk around a mall inside for a couple of hours, as long as you can stay away from those delicious cinnabuns and fast food you are OK.

We recently went camping, and during the day we went on some hiking trails very known to many people. One was the catwalk in New Mexico, Beautiful scenery and great exercise. A Good Waterproof Warm jackets for Women and Men make the hike much more enjoyable. Comfortable Hiking Supplies are helpful. You can always get some cheap fishing gear and Relax by the Water, On those nights and days you just want to get away. It's known to help reduce stress with something you love. Since everyone's life styles are different, I think that each person has to find the diet that works for them. You can do your online shoe shopping here and get a wide selection. Take that 1/2 to hour walk with your pets or loved ones, and wake up the next morning feeling a little bit better.

Researchers have discovered that eating blueberries helps to prevent the development of High Blood Pressure. Eating at least one serving of blueberries a week helps reduce the chances of developing high blood pressure by ten percent. They are rich in anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidant pigments. U.S. food companies caught faking blueberries with artificial colors and liquid sugars. So if you can buy Fresh Blueberries, Freeze them and save them for different days of the week. don't forget to Double Bag them.

Working in the Garden is actually great exercise also, plus Great Results when things bloom. Whether your into fresh Vegetables or Beautiful Flowers. You can always decorate and relax on your Garden Furniture. Always Remember when there is always pleasure in the Living Life Outdoor Store.

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